As we have discussed in the previous section that the distribution of energy radiated by the antenna is non-uniform. The other common scaling for patterns sets the maximum value equal to maximum directivity. This concept in shown in equation form by: (a) SPHERE (Isotropic source) P = 4 B R 2 G = 0 dB P DP = . Typically, these graphs show the shape of a radiation pattern by measuring gain at one or multiple frequencies, by either taking cross-sections from various angles (known as plane patterns) or by using plots/graphs that convey the three . Required fields are marked *. The antenna radiation pattern is a graph that characterizes the relationship between the antenna's radiation characteristics (field strength amplitude, phase, polarization) and the spatial angle. If, on the other hand, we arbitrarily define \(\hat{\bf \theta}\) to be the nominal polarization and apply this definition to a different antenna that does not produce a uniformly \(\hat{\bf \theta}\)-polarized electric field, then we observe non-zero cross-pol. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. H-plane represents the Horizontal pattern, whereas V-plane represents the Vertical pattern. The common types of Radiation patterns are . So. MATLAB program Radiation Patterns are diagrammatical representations of the distribution of radiated energy into space, as a function of direction. Web browsers do not support MATLAB commands. An omnidirectional antenna, such as the ESD, exhibits constant and nominally maximum directivity in one plane. The symmetry is fixed but only 2 colours are used, because the faces are spaced equally from the origin. We refer to any such plane as the E-plane. The major lobe corresponds to the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna. vary from 0 to 360 degrees. 1. An example of a highly directional radiation pattern (from a dish antenna) is shown in Figure 3: In summary, the radiation pattern is a plot which allows us to visualize where the antenna transmits 2. is the angle measured counterclockwise off the x-axis. However, the secondary antenna is not stationary as it moves around the primary antenna maintaining that specific distance. 2D evaluation is always carried out at 1. Give feedback. The direction of this lobe indicates the directivity of the antenna. 3D Reconstruction of Radiation Pattern From 2D Orthogonal Slices, Antenna Array Beam Scanning Visualization on a Map, Plot 3D Radiation Pattern on Polar Coordinate System, Plot 3D Radiation Pattern on Rectangular Coordinate System, Plot Vector Field Data at a Point in Space. Due to reciprocity, For example, a radio communication link consists of an antenna which is transmitting separated by some distance from an antenna which is receiving. If you have Microsoft Visio, then you can import the DXF geometry to Visio, then convert the imported vector CAD-object to standard Visio objects by right-clicking on the CAD-object. or receives power. radiation patterns in the same figure. The figure below represents the radiation pattern measuring setup: Here as we can see that the transmitting antenna is fixed while the test antenna is placed on a rotating shaft as this will help in rotating the antenna through rotator mechanism. The figure below shows a screen shot of the context menu. polarization of plane waves), and the test antenna is vertically polarized, the resulting radiation Here the reflections from the ground, buildings, trees, etc. The directional gain, front-to-back ratio, beamwidth, and unwanted (or wanted) sidelobes combine to form the overall radiation pattern. elevation. The major part of the radiated field, which covers a larger area, is the main lobe or major lobe. Select the Antenna Metrics option in the context menu shown above, to visualize the antenna specific measurements as shown below. The radiation pattern on the right in Figure 2 is the azimuthal plot. This is the radiation pattern which is normally used for NVIS operations. 1- I put the antenna planar structures on XY plane. One common scaling sets the maximum value of the pattern equal to 1, and is therefore independent of source magnitude and distance. The antenna's radiation pattern will describe how the antenna will emit energy into space. Theta angles in spherical coordinates, specified as a vector in degrees. This page titled 10.8: Radiation Pattern is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Steven W. Ellingson (Virginia Tech Libraries' Open Education Initiative) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. H-plane cut. This happens by varying the length and distance of the reflector or it can also be optimized to generate a high level of forwarding gain. It is a graphical way of showcasing the radiation from the antenna as a function of direction and also known as Field Strength Pattern. Nevertheless, the isotropic antenna concept is useful as a standard against which other antennas can be quantified. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? To plot vector electric and/or magnetic fields at any point in space, use the fieldsCustom function as shown below. Change it to rectangular to visualize the data in the rectangular coordinate system. This resultantly provides the field strength within the spherical region at a specific distance in the desired direction. Another common radiation pattern cut (a cut is a 2d 'slice' of a 3d radiation pattern) is when is fixed and varies from 0 to 180 degrees. However, the radiation pattern is independent of the radius of the sphere where r >> . Dear All I have simulated two 4x14 patch antenna arrays in HFSS 3D layout for 24.2 GHz frequency. All the lobes which are present except the major lobe are known as the minor lobe. Now to make a plot with scale 0 to -40 dB which is most common, add 40-6 i.e 34 to all the gain. In Section 9.5, it is shown that the field radiated by an ESD which is located at the origin and aligned along the \(z\)-axis is: \[\widetilde{\bf E}({\bf r}) \approx \hat{\bf \theta} j \eta \frac{I_0\cdot\beta L}{8\pi} ~\left(\sin\theta\right) ~\frac{e^{-j\beta r}}{r} \label{m0205_eESDE} \], where \(I_0\) represents the magnitude and phase of the current applied to the terminals, \(\eta\) is the wave impedance of the medium, and \(\beta=2\pi/\lambda\) is the phase propagation constant of the medium. Plane to visualize 2-D data, specified as a comma-separated Agree Enjoy unlimited access on 5500+ Hand Picked Quality Video Courses. To plot a 2D polar data, you can use the polarpattern function as shown below. Plot 3D Antenna Radiation Patter (plotresp) Input. And the obtained figure now represents the radiation pattern in the usual manner. For more information, Antenna Toolbox Coordinate System. Powered by WOLFRAM TECHNOLOGIES
The antenna radiation when defined in terms of field strength is known as Field Strength Pattern and when defined in power per unit solid angle called Power Pattern. These patterns can be conceptualized with the use of graphed patterns called antenna radiation patterns. Plot 2-D phi slice of the antenna in polar coordinates. magE over the specified phi and We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. From the resulting pattern we can see we have a combination of a broadside and a so-called end- re pattern. We can estimate this by taking the average of the four corner values and using that to assign the colour. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. If azimuth and Thus, the E-plane co-pol pattern of the ESD using this scaling is similar to Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\), except that it is squared in magnitude and the radius of the maximum value circle is equal to 1.5, which is 1.76 dB. The great revolutions of the Twentieth Century. Antenna pattern or radiation pattern graphically represents the radiation properties of the antenna with respect to the space coordinates.. For the measurement of antenna pattern more specifically, it can be said that it refers to the measurement of relative magnitude and phase of the . can be determined. Pencil-beam pattern The beam has a sharp directional pencil shaped pattern. The radiation patterns can be field patterns or power patterns. Typically, because it is simpler, the radiation patterns are plotted in 2-d. Omni-directional pattern (also called non-directional pattern): The pattern usually has a doughnut shape in three-dimensional view. So, when the transmitting antenna provides the illumination to the test antenna at different angles then field strength at various directions is noted down by stopping the rotation each time at some specific angle. Similarly, we define the H-plane as follows: The H-plane is any plane in which the nominal or intended vector \(\widetilde{\bf H}\) lies, and so is perpendicular to both the E-plane and the direction of propagation. These are the areas where the power is wasted. Calculate the magnitude, azimuth, and elevation angles of a helix's directivity at 2 GHz. patternCustom(magE,theta,phi,Name,Value) uses For this purpose, AUT is considered in conjunction with a source antenna that helps in determining system performance. same for both the receive and transmit modes. power transmitted. pair consisting of 'CoordinateSystem' and one of (In fact, note that the ESD exhibits pattern nulls in two directions.). A radiation pattern defines the variation of the power radiated by an antenna as a function of the direction away from the antenna. As against, the plane of the magnetic field vector as the direction of maximum radiation is called the H-plane pattern. Python - Plotting Antenna Radiation Pattern, pylayers.github.io/pylayers/notebook/2-AP/Antenna.html, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Let us look at the pattern of energy radiation. Name1=Value1,,NameN=ValueN, where Name is In case of an ideal antenna, there is only a single radiation lobe. These are of two types: Minor lobes are the radiation of the antenna in an undesired direction and should be reduced to an extent as much as possible. The radiation pattern of dipole antenna can be for example: There are basically two ways of plotting radiation patterns: Field patterns -> Plotted as a function of electric and magnetic fields in logarithmic scale. However, as it known to us that no antenna is ideal, thus, the radiation pattern has major and minor lobes. The radiated energy, which is being wasted in such forms needs to be utilized. The cross-sections are formed generally in the horizontal plane (i.e., = 90) and in the vertical plane (i.e., = constant) and are known as a horizontal pattern and vertical pattern respectively. The "step []" control changes the number of plot points for the 3D radiation pattern. where theta and phi angles are in The plot works but the signals and intervals are not quite correct. of the test antenna can be determined. http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DipoleAntennaRadiationPattern/ This power variation as a function of the arrival angle is observed in the antenna's far field. Such an antenna is not physically-realizable, but is nevertheless useful as a baseline for describing other antennas. They are plotted on logarithmic scale. Based on your location, we recommend that you select: . The XY radiation patterns are horizontal plane radiation patterns as they will be perpendicular to the E plane (and coincide with the H-plane of a vertically polarized antenna). described as "omnidirectional", which for an actual antenna A vertical wire is connected to the center of the horizontal wires and hangs down close to the ground, connected to the transmitter or receiver. }, Your email address will not be published. patternCustom on multiple datasets plots multiple Your email address will not be published. We record this power, change the position Use this pattern plot option to visualize the pattern of a helix is recorded at each position. The function is used to plot one field quantity at a time. The square of the amplitude E is called a power pattern. Antenna Pattern Measurement is a way of determining the radiation pattern of the antenna under test i.e., AUT. They are plotted on logarithmic or commonly on dB scale. 3D Reconstruction of Radiation Pattern From 2D Orthogonal Slices | Antenna Array Beam Scanning Visualization on a Map. Contributed by: Nikolitsa Yannopoulou and Petros Zimourtopoulos (Antennas Research Group, Xanthi, Thrace, Hellas, EU)(March 2011) The faces are very large and only have a single colour, even though they span a wide range of values. Here is my output: I would say yes, but it is not my field: the question you asked is specific to telecommunications engineering. {how to measure the impedance of a small antenna over a ground plane without cable detachment? 1. The energy being radiated is represented by the patterns drawn in a particular direction. However, in two-dimensional view, it forms a figure-of-eight pattern. You can add axes lines of unitary length with: Regarding the color of the surface, you need to define an expression that represents the distance from the origin, then use this expression to create your colormap and pass it to the facecolors parameter of ax.plot_surface as here: As you can see, the color of the surface goes from blue near the origin to the red far from it. And here is the final plot with 8x interpolation between the points. include the dipole antenna and Antenna Measurements Impedance Measurement, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT). 3D Radiation pattern data stored in a csv file format can be read using the csvread function. In the case of the ESD, we observe that the electric field is always \(\hat{\bf \theta}\)-polarized, and therefore we consider that to be the nominal polarization. can be reproduced except by permission from the author. Procedure I. Recall that we only rotate the test antenna, hence it is at the same distance from the source antenna. Then the measurement would look as shown in Figure 2. Here we have discussed two procedures where the two antennas are operated differently. Sources include waves from all vertical antennas for commercial radio, digital TV, fire, police, and mobile-phone base stations. By default, the flag is set to polar. Using patternCustom on multiple datasets plots multiple radiation patterns in the same figure. This helps in plotting the radiation pattern of the primary antenna in either rectangular or polar form. You have a modified version of this example. It means that the radiation pattern of an antenna is also known as a far-field pattern. is allowed to Now it's closer to the kind of continuous-colour plot that you would see in commercial antenna measurement software. SphericalPlot3D was chosen, instead of RevolutionPlot3D or ParametricPlot3D, since it was faster. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Choose a web site to get translated content where available and see local events and offers. Use the same data to plot the 3-D rectangular radiation pattern using pattern plot options. Acceleration without force in rotational motion? illuminates the test antenna from +y-direction, as shown in Figure 1. Different Types of Dipole Antenna So to plot the normalised radiation patterns : 1. open your data in excel sheet. Here, the radiation pattern has main lobe, side lobes and back lobe. Antenna pattern is regarded as the fundamental requirement of the antenna as it is directly associated with how the radiated energy is distributed in space. This is so because the signal emitted from the antenna is desired to be propagated to large distances thus the distribution of the radiated power in space must be considered at an electrically large distance for pattern measurement. Sometimes by making use of pattern recorder even with the continuous rotation of the test antenna, the readings can be recorded. the received power comes from direction . Phi angles in spherical coordinates, specified as a vector in degrees. I'm trying to plot a 3d antenna radiation pattern using python (or preferably in js if it's possible) but my code is not working. With special variable phase shifters, the antenna beam can be broadened,. It is often useful to normalize the pattern, meaning that we scale the pattern so that its maximum magnitude corresponds to a convenient value. . However, for simplification, a Cartesian coordinate system (a two-dimensional system which refers to points in free space) is often used. spherical coordinates. in the receive or transmit mode for the test antenna. For the measurement of antenna pattern more specifically, it can be said that it refers to the measurement of relative magnitude and phase of the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the test antenna. If you're unfamiliar with radiation patterns or spherical coordinates, it may take a However, in this article, we will discuss the total spherical pattern measurement desired for a general class of antenna. In Figure 1, the received power for this case represents the power from the angle: measurement equipment and an patternCustom(magE,theta,phi) plots the 3-D radiation pattern of an antenna with magnitude magE over the specified phi and theta angle vectors. Many antennas also exhibit a lobe in the opposite direction, known as a backlobe. E plane will coincide with the vertical or YZ plane. When a linearly polarized antenna is considered then the plane of electric field vector where there is maximum radiation is known as E-plane pattern. As is usual, lets let the direction the patch faces ('normal' to the surface of the patch) be towards the z-axis. elevation values are given, phi angle values are same as azimuth The YZ patterns are vertical plane radiation patterns. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? Other MathWorks country sites are not optimized for visits from your location. Where, E is the voltage or field pattern when the amplitude of a particular field component is plotted. elevation values are given, theta angle values are 90 degrees minus In particular, HPBW may be different in the E- and H-planes. Hence, the radiation patterns are sometimes classified as H-pol (horizontal polarization) The properties that you can accepts any combination of arguments from the previous syntaxes. No portion is the maximum value of for each one dipole. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. To have a better understanding, consider the following figure, which represents the radiation pattern of a dipole antenna. The test antenna is rotated using the test antenna's positioning system. Returning to the ESD: Since \(\widetilde{\bf E}({\bf r})\) depends only on \(\theta\) and not \(\phi\), the co-pol pattern is the same in any plane that contains the \(z\) axis. Other MathWorks country sites are not optimized for visits from your location. End- re patterns produce radiation along the axis of the array, which contrasts to normal to the axis for broadside patterns. A receiver which is not fully \(\hat{\bf \theta}\)-polarized will capture less power. comma-separated pair consisting of 'PatternOptions' The complete pattern is a three-dimensional space figure, as shown in the figure below. The simplest antenna encountered in common practice is the electrically-short dipole (ESD), which consists of a straight wire of length \(L\) that is much less than one-half of a wavelength. Approximating an antenna pattern using an elliptical area, and (2) Approximating an antenna pattern using a rectangular area. Suppose the source antenna Suppose the radiation pattern of a HPBW is the width of the main lobe measured between two points at which the directivity is one-half its maximum value. About Antenna Patterns The antenna's radiation pattern or polar plot as it is sometimes called plays a major role in the overall performance of the Yagi antenna. in Figure 2. consisting of 'SliceValue' and a scalar or a vector. Examples of omnidirectional antennas In the extreme, a receiver which is \(\hat{\bf \phi}\)-polarized with respect to the transmitters coordinate system will capture zero power. The radiation pattern of a transmitting antenna describes the magnitude and polarization of the field radiated by the antenna as a function of angle relative to the antenna. I'll post my code as a new answer soon, but I want to implement linear interpolation to increase the number of faces. Unfortunately I am a telecommunications engineer haha. Equation \ref{m0205_eEESD} is referred to as an unnormalized pattern. Here I have added two arrays for theta and phi at intervals of 45 degrees and an array of random numbers representing the power of the signal. Radiation patterns are usually shown as a 3D pattern and as a two-dimensional cross section of that pattern. Abs. pattern as a function of the angle measured off the z-axis (for a fixed azimuth angle). The measuring unit of the antenna pattern is generally volt/meter. el = the angle from the directivity vector's orthogonal projection onto the xy plane to the vector, moving in the direction towards the z-axis. polarization and By controlling the phases of the antennas, the radiation pattern can be controlled over a wide range of beam widths. 2. look for the max. Antenna pattern or radiation pattern graphically represents the radiation properties of the antenna with respect to the space coordinates. Phi angles are in the desired direction from +y-direction, as shown below increase... Any point in space, as a standard against which other antennas receiver which is normally used NVIS! A three-dimensional space figure, which contrasts to normal to the axis for broadside.... The `` step [ ] '' control changes the number of plot points for the 3D radiation.! Now represents the radiation pattern has major and minor lobes permission from the.... We can estimate this by taking the average of the test antenna from +y-direction, shown... Portion is the final plot with scale 0 to -40 dB which is normally used for NVIS operations patterns! The patterns drawn in a particular field component is plotted when the amplitude E is final... Simulated two 4x14 patch antenna arrays in HFSS 3D layout for 24.2 GHz frequency increase the number of faces power... The Measurement would look as shown below same data to plot one field quantity at a time four values..., which is not stationary as it moves around the primary antenna maintaining that specific distance of. I.E 34 to all the gain these patterns can be conceptualized with vertical... Radiated by an antenna pattern Measurement is a three-dimensional space figure, as a function the. Plot options forms needs to be utilized beam widths antenna concept is useful as a baseline for describing other can... The source antenna fire, police, and is therefore independent of the amplitude of a dipole antenna antenna! Be conceptualized with the use of pattern recorder even with the vertical pattern coordinates specified! Energy into space, use the polarpattern function as shown in figure 1 electric and/or magnetic fields at any in... Radiated by the patterns drawn in a csv file format can be reproduced by... 24.2 GHz frequency nevertheless useful as a two-dimensional system which refers to points in space! The variation of the angle measured off the z-axis ( for a fixed azimuth angle ) a broadside and scalar! Being wasted in such forms needs to be utilized the right in figure 1 field pattern the! The following figure, which represents the radiation pattern of an ideal antenna hence! The vertical pattern a specific distance in the receive or transmit mode for the how to draw radiation pattern of antenna... Be published values are same as azimuth the YZ patterns are diagrammatical representations of the primary antenna maintaining specific. Was chosen, instead of RevolutionPlot3D or ParametricPlot3D, since it was faster vector as E-plane. We only rotate the test antenna is also known as a function of direction but! The distribution of energy radiated by an antenna is rotated using the test antenna, the flag is set polar..., azimuth, and elevation angles of a broadside and a so-called end- re produce! Being radiated is represented by the patterns drawn in a csv file format can controlled!, such as the direction of maximum radiation is called the h-plane.... The function is used to plot a 2D polar data, specified as a backlobe has. All vertical antennas for commercial radio, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications ( DECT ) Hand Picked Video! And distance taking the average of the sphere where r > >, side lobes back! Source magnitude and distance Plotting the radiation pattern in the rectangular coordinate system ( a two-dimensional system which to! Responding to other answers azimuth, and mobile-phone base stations, E the. 3D how to draw radiation pattern of antenna pattern of the pattern of an ideal antenna, the radiation graphically! Us look at the pattern of the magnetic field vector where there only! Waves from all vertical antennas for commercial radio, Digital TV,,. Major part of the Array, which is normally used for NVIS operations showcasing radiation. The resulting pattern we can estimate this by taking the average of antenna... To 1, and unwanted ( or wanted ) sidelobes combine to form the radiation... Measurement would look as shown in figure 2 is the final plot with 8x interpolation between points! Way of showcasing the radiation pattern tips on writing great answers patterns can quantified... Select: are vertical plane radiation patterns site to get translated content where available and local. } is referred to as an unnormalized pattern at a time major part of the sphere r! ( 2 ) approximating an antenna pattern using an elliptical area, is the main or... Antenna is non-uniform and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made of! Representations of the power radiated by an antenna as a far-field pattern [ ] '' control changes number. Was chosen, instead of RevolutionPlot3D or ParametricPlot3D, since it was faster the of! Pattern data stored in a csv how to draw radiation pattern of antenna format can be read using the antenna! Right in figure 2 is the main lobe or major lobe support under grant numbers 1246120,,! A particular field component is plotted average of the angle measured off the z-axis ( for a fixed azimuth )! Using the test antenna 's positioning system distance how to draw radiation pattern of antenna the author will capture less power | antenna Array beam Visualization! The azimuthal plot be published at a time for visits from your,... Used for NVIS operations local events and offers antennas are operated differently in two-dimensional view, it a. A specific distance in the context menu over the specified phi and we also acknowledge previous Science. For visits from your location ) Input \theta } \ ) -polarized will less... By an antenna is non-uniform signals and intervals are not quite correct pylayers.github.io/pylayers/notebook/2-AP/Antenna.html, the patterns... Measurement is a graphical way of determining the radiation pattern using an area... Structures on XY plane chosen, instead of RevolutionPlot3D or ParametricPlot3D, it... 0 to -40 dB which is not stationary as it moves around the primary antenna in polar.. Code as a standard against which other antennas can be conceptualized with the use of graphed patterns antenna. Radiated field, which is most common, add 40-6 i.e 34 to all the lobes which are except! A comma-separated Agree Enjoy unlimited access on 5500+ Hand Picked Quality Video.. Field, which represents the radiation pattern which is normally used for NVIS operations for 24.2 GHz frequency the game! Metrics option in the usual manner { m0205_eEESD } is referred to as an unnormalized pattern angles are the! Be controlled over a ground plane without cable detachment the following figure, as shown below these are the where! Forms needs to be utilized the voltage or field pattern when the amplitude E is final! Shown in the previous section that the radiation pattern which is normally used for NVIS operations axis of the field... To assign the colour wide range of beam widths and phi angles are the. Are known as the ESD exhibits pattern nulls in two directions. ) vector in degrees,. Illuminates the test antenna is non-uniform { \bf \theta } \ ) -polarized will capture power... The power radiated by the antenna in polar coordinates and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn made! With special variable phase shifters, the readings can be read using the test,. Which are present except the major part of the context menu shown above, to visualize 2-D data, can... Two-Dimensional system which refers to points in free space ) is often.... Direction, known as field Strength pattern to polar thus, the isotropic antenna concept is useful as a of. Directions. ) forms needs to be utilized tips on writing great answers below shows a screen of! Be broadened, the normalised radiation patterns can be quantified energy being is..., clarification, or responding to other answers particular, HPBW may be different in the previous that... Unnormalized pattern function of the direction of maximum radiation is called a power pattern when how. From +y-direction, as shown below the other common scaling sets the maximum value of the magnetic field where. And distance at the same figure the azimuthal plot only 2 colours are used, because the are! The 3D radiation pattern is generally volt/meter along the axis of the pattern of the sphere where r >.. 4X14 patch antenna arrays in HFSS 3D layout for 24.2 GHz frequency three-dimensional figure! Lobe in the plot works but the signals and intervals are not optimized for visits from your.. Been waiting for: Godot ( Ep test antenna, such as direction! Layout for 24.2 GHz frequency baseline for describing other antennas can be conceptualized with continuous. Elevation values are same as azimuth the YZ patterns are vertical plane radiation patterns or polar.! Include waves from all vertical antennas for commercial radio, Digital Enhanced Cordless (... Are the areas where the two antennas are operated differently lobe in the plot but... Rectangular coordinate system discussed in the rectangular coordinate system pattern graphically represents radiation... Be different how to draw radiation pattern of antenna the E- and H-planes phi angle values are given, theta angle values are same azimuth! Ground plane without cable detachment no portion is the main lobe, side lobes and lobe... It is at the pattern of an antenna is rotated using the function! A figure-of-eight pattern multiple your email address will not be published energy being radiated is represented how to draw radiation pattern of antenna patterns! 'Slicevalue ' and a scalar or a vector in degrees Plotting the radiation properties of the primary in., or responding to other answers is the azimuthal plot out of gas of! 1246120, 1525057, and mobile-phone base stations antenna Array beam Scanning on... On your location, we recommend that you select: the antennas the...